直流高壓發生器適用試驗(yan)范圍：

絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)測試：絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)是電(dian)氣設備和電(dian)路(lu)最基本(ben)的絕緣(yuan)指標。對電(dian)介質施加直流(liu)電(dian)壓，經(jing)過(guo)一定(ding)時間極化(hua)過(guo)程結束后(hou)，流(liu)過(guo)電(dian)介質的漏電(dian)流(liu)所(suo)對應(ying)的電(dian)阻(zu)稱為絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)。

當使用直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高壓發生器對被測(ce)材(cai)料(liao)加(jia)壓時(shi)，被測(ce)材(cai)料(liao)上的電流(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)會瞬間達(da)到(dao)穩(wen)(wen)定值，而是有一(yi)個衰(shuai)減(jian)過程。在(zai)加(jia)壓的同時(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大的充電電流(liu)(liu)(liu)，接著是比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)的緩慢下降的吸(xi)收電流(liu)(liu)(liu)，最后(hou)達(da)到(dao)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)穩(wen)(wen)定的導(dao)電電流(liu)(liu)(liu)。測(ce)得(de)的電阻值越高，達(da)到(dao)平衡(heng)所需(xu)的時(shi)間就(jiu)越長(chang)。因此，為了在(zai)測(ce)量過程中正(zheng)確讀取被測(ce)電阻值，應在(zai)該值穩(wen)(wen)定后(hou)讀取。

直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)耐壓(ya)和漏(lou)電測試：為良好(hao)的絕緣(yuan)，在(zai)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)的作用下(xia)漏(lou)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)很小。同時(shi)，在(zai)相同的直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)下(xia)，通過絕緣(yuan)的電流(liu)(liu)(liu)隨著(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)壓(ya)時(shi)間的延長而減(jian)小。在(zai)絕緣(yuan)良好(hao)的情況下(xia)，隨著(zhu)外(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)的增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，由于離(li)子運動(dong)速度較快，漏(lou)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)。但在(zai)不(bu)太(tai)高的電壓(ya)范圍(wei)內，漏(lou)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)隨外(wai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)電壓(ya)的增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)呈(cheng)線性(xing)關系，上升幅度很小。

橡(xiang)塑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜直流耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)：試驗(yan)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的3倍(bei)。在規定的試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)（試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)以每級額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的0.5倍(bei)分段增加(jia)，每段停留1min，記錄漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；注(zhu)：如果漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)成比(bi)例(li)增加(jia)，必須(xu)及(ji)時(shi)分析(xi)、檢查(cha)。耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前，用(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)兆(zhao)歐表(biao)檢查(cha)直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發生器的耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。使用(yong)方法(fa)是常規的接法(fa)，一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)與一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)帶(dai)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)裝置，另一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)兩相(xiang)(xiang)接地，三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻為(wei)三倍(bei)。

氧化(hua)鋅避雷器(qi)測試：直流(liu)高(gao)壓發生器，專配(pei)有氧(yang)化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)器測試功能，可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)至泄漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)1mA，然后(hou)按下0.75倍(bei)按鈕(niu)，儀(yi)器可自動把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至0.75倍(bei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，此時的(de)泄漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為需要測量的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鋅0.75倍(bei)U1mA泄漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。此電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以反映氧(yang)化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)器的(de)絕緣(yuan)狀態(tai)。

影響直(zhi)流高壓發(fa)生器測量(liang)結果的(de)原因(yin)：

1、溫(wen)度影(ying)響(xiang)直流高壓發生器的(de)測(ce)量結果(guo)。如果(guo)溫(wen)度太(tai)高，漏(lou)電流會太(tai)大。當測(ce)試產品的(de)溫(wen)度控制在30-80℃時(shi)，測(ce)試結果(guo)更(geng)好。在此溫(wen)度范圍內漏(lou)電流變(bian)化(hua)更(geng)為(wei)明顯。需(xu)要(yao)提醒的(de)是，特別是在低(di)溫(wen)天氣下，如果(guo)測(ce)試結果(guo)超(chao)差太(tai)嚴(yan)重，需(xu)要(yao)考慮環(huan)境溫(wen)度的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，不能(neng)僅(jin)僅(jin)判斷(duan)測(ce)試的(de)失敗(bai)或損壞產品。

2、表(biao)面(mian)(mian)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的影響(xiang)實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)，如果(guo)將漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)細分(fen)(fen)的話，可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)體積漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和表(biao)面(mian)(mian)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。表(biao)面(mian)(mian)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小(xiao)取決于水分(fen)(fen)對(dui)(dui)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)產品(pin)外(wai)絕緣(yuan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的影響(xiang)。清潔產品(pin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，必(bi)要時將其擦(ca)干，或(huo)連接屏蔽環，可有效避(bi)免過大的漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。另(ling)外(wai)，使用直(zhi)流(liu)高壓發生器進行直(zhi)流(liu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)，是通(tong)過漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小(xiao)、連續(xu)升(sheng)壓過程中漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的變化、測(ce)試(shi)(shi)時漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的穩定性(xing)等(deng)綜合分(fen)(fen)析被測(ce)對(dui)(dui)象。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到額定值(zhi)。產品(pin)的絕緣(yuan)性(xing)好壞。

高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)本(ben)身是一(yi)種破壞(huai)性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，但這種試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)可以發現非破壞(huai)性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)無法(fa)發現的(de)(de)缺陷，尤其是當(dang)絕緣體存(cun)在微小氣泡和非穿透性(xing)(xing)缺陷時。缺點(dian)是在測試(shi)(shi)過程中(zhong)會對絕緣造成一(yi)定的(de)(de)破壞(huai)。這就要(yao)求(qiu)嚴格按照規定要(yao)求(qiu)將輸出測試(shi)(shi)電壓(ya)施加到不同的(de)(de)測試(shi)(shi)對象上(shang)。